Latin language
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Latin language (lingua latina) — is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through Roman conquest, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe.
Its alphabet is based on the Old Italic alphabet, derived from the Greek alphabet. In the 9th or 8th century BC the Italic languages was brought to the Italian peninsula by migrating tribes, and the dialect spoken in Latium, around the River Tiber, where Roman civilization would develop, evolved in Latin.
Although Latin long remained the legal and governmental language of the Roman Empire, Greek was the secondary language of the well-educated elite, as much of the literature and philosophy studied by upper-class Romans was written in Greek.
Some of the differences between Classical Latin and the Romance languages have been used in attempts to reconstruct Vulgar Latin. For example, the Romance languages have distinctive stress on certain syllables, whereas Latin had this feature in addition to distinctive length of vowels.
Latin is a synthetic, fusional language: affixes (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns—a process called declension.
Today, Latin terminology is widely used, amongst other things, in philosophy, medicine, biology, and law. Some universities still hold graduation ceremonies in Latin.
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